What is Sciatica?
Sciatica is not a condition in itself but a description of a symptom: pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in your body. It begins in the lower back, where nerve roots exit the spine, then runs through the buttock and down the back of the leg, sometimes all the way to the foot. Most often sciatica affects just one side.
The pain can range from a mild ache to a sharp, burning, or electric jolt that shoots down the leg. Many people also feel tingling, numbness, or weakness in the leg or foot, and the pain frequently worsens with sitting, coughing, sneezing, or certain movements. What makes sciatica so distinct from ordinary back pain is that radiating, traveling quality, the sign that a nerve, not just a muscle, is involved.
Sciatica happens when something compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve or the roots that feed it. The most common culprit is a bulging or herniated disc in the lower spine pressing on a nerve root, but it can also come from joint misalignment, narrowing of the spaces the nerves pass through, or tight muscles in the buttock irritating the nerve as it passes by. Because the source is usually mechanical, sciatica often responds well to conservative, corrective care that relieves the pressure on the nerve rather than simply masking the pain.